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Plant ecology, a pivotal subdiscipline of ecology, investigates the bidirectional interactions between plants and their environments (both biotic and abiotic), elucidating distribution patterns, adaptation mechanisms, and dynamic processes across hierarchical levels—from individuals and populations to communities and ecosystems. Its central aim is to decipher how plants respond to environmental changes and concurrently engineer the ecosystems they inhabit.
Ecological Differentiation in Plants through Multiple Strategies for Environmental Adaptation and Reduced Interspecific Competition